![]() The separated sperm samples can then be used for artificial insemination, or the process of injecting sperm directly into a female’s uterus for fertilization. Sperm separation is a technique that separates sperm cells within a semen sample according to which sex chromosome the sperm cells contain. If the sperm cell that fertilizes the egg contains an X chromosome, the child is female. If the male sperm cell that fertilizes a female egg contains a Y chromosome, the child is male. Therefore, male sperm cells are responsible for determining the sex of an offspring. Males can therefore pass down either an X or a Y chromosome to their offspring. Males have both X and Y chromosomes, each of which can be individually contained in sperm cells. Because females have two X chromosomes, each of which can be individually contained in a female’s egg, females can only pass down an X chromosome to their offspring. People with two X chromosomes are biologically female, while people with one X and one Y chromosome are biologically male. Generally, humans have two sex chromosomes, one passed down from each parent. Sex chromosomes contain the genetic material that determines a human’s biological sex. MicroSort technology is a sperm sorting technique that provides couples worldwide a means of pre- conception sex selection. The technology ultimately enables couples to choose the sex of their future child by choosing semen samples that predominately contain sperm with the X chromosome for a female or Y chromosome for a male. MicroSort separates male sperm cells based on which sex chromosome they contain, which results in separated semen samples that contain a higher percentage of sperm cells that carry the same sex chromosome. Laboratories located around the world use MicroSort technology to help couples increase their chances of conceiving a child of their desired sex. MicroSort, developed in 1990 by the Genetics and IVF Institute, is a form of pre- conception sex selection technology for humans.
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